Medication for Panic Attacks

The use of medication to treat panic disorders is slightly controversial. Prescription drugs can be used to reduce palpitations and the other physical symptoms associated with a panic attack, but they are a poor long term solution. Rather than being a cure, medication simply masks an underlying problem, and in some cases they are ineffective or can lead to drug dependency and unpleasant side effects.

That is not to say medications do not have any place at all in treating a panic attacks and that they are not of enormous benefit in some individuals. Sometimes taking anti-anxiety medication from an early stage is enough to make the individual feel 'well' again and prevent re-occurrences, as they do not develop the bad habits that can perpetuate a panic disorder. Medication can also help in cases where the problem is more deep rooted, as it relieves the symptoms for long enough for the sufferer to tackle the cognitive side of their panic attacks and develop better coping strategies.

The classes of drugs commonly used to treat panic disorders are:

Beta-blockers

Beta-blockers, if prescribed correctly, can prevent palpitations and trembling. They do not tackle the psychological side of panic disorders and may not be an effective choice of medication if you are also suffering from acute anxiety. However, if your panic disorder is accompanied by only mild anxiety then the absence of the physical symptoms of a panic attack can help greatly in relaxing.

Compared to many medications, beta-blockers are fairly side effect and risk free. But a small number of people may experience dizzy spells, insomnia, low blood pressure, depression and stomach disturbances.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepine is an anti-anxiety medication. Unlike the alternatives, it can be taken as needed rather than being taken in daily doses. It relieves symptoms in up to 80 percent of panic attack patients.

Side effects can include drowsiness, dizziness, memory loss and suicidal thoughts. There is a link between benzodiazepines and drug dependency and users may experience withdrawal symptoms.

SSRIs

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibtors) are often the first choice of medication when treating anxiety related problems such as panic disorders. In many cases, patients suffering from anxiety also have low serotonin levels. SSRIs increase serotonin levels by inhibiting the reuptake of this chemical in the brain.

Severe reactions to taking SSRIs are rare, but some users may suffer from nausea, drowsiness, headaches and insomnia.

Tricyclic antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants are used to reduce the number and severity of panic attacks, as well as being a treatment for depression. It is usually effective, but may need to be used in conjunction with another drug if the panic attacks are linked with an anxiety disorder.

Early side effects should wear off as the patient becomes accustomed to the medication, but users may experience, dizziness, tachycardia, low blood pressure and stomach problems.

MAOIs

MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) are powerful antidepressants which can also be used to treat severe panic disorders. They are often prescribed only after other medications have been ineffective.

Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, high blood pressure, low blood pressure and sexual dysfunction.

Strict medical supervision is required when taking MAOIs. They can have particularly adverse side effects if taken in conjunction with other medications (both prescribed and over the counter) and natural supplements such as St John's Wort.